Why Did The Europeans Leave For The Us - 1121 Words

The New Immigrants Q. Why did the Europeans leave for the US? E. 20 million Euros between 1870 and 1920 arrived in the US Religious persecution Lack of land Lack of jobs Independence Q. Why did the Chinese and Japanese immigrate to the US? E. between 1851 and 1883, about 300 thousand Chinese arrived. Many helped build the nation’s railroads. immigration was limited by a congressional act in 1882. 1884: Hawaiian planters could recruit Japanese workers. Emigration boom. Opportunity Q. What immigrants came from the west indies and Mexico? E. 1. 260,000 immigrants arrived. 2. Jobs were scarce 3. Industrial boom in the US seemed to promise work.’ 4. 1902 National Reclamation Act: created new farmland and drew Mexicans in. Encouraged the irrigation of arid land. Q. What was life in the new land? E. 1. A difficult journey: immigrants traveled by steam ship. 2. Louse and infected conditions 3. Ellis island: immigration stations 20 percent were detained. 2 percent were denied entry The Process: physical examination by doctor, checked documents, legal requirements 4. Angel Island: San Francisco Bay; 50,000 Chinese immigrants entered the US 5. Cooperation for survival: people sought out people with similar interests and cultures Ethnic communities: life rafts for immigrants People put their money together Felt increasing friction with the people already born and raised there Q. What were immigration restrictions? Melting pot: a mixture of people of different cultures andShow MoreRelated Personal Narrative- A Lesson in Culture Shock Essay1081 Words   |  5 PagesTallahassee has taught me a lot about such things like honor, pride, and self-reliance. Such is related to us in Wilfred Owens’s â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† which is about his experience in World War I. Sometimes experiences such as moving can teach more about life than any long lecture from any adult. As the old saying goes: â€Å"Actions speak louder than words.† Growing up in Boston for thirteen years did not prepare for what life had in store for me. I moved here two months before I was to begin the eighthRead MorePolitical And Economic Impacts Of The British Voters985 Words   |  4 PagesThe British voters have spoken on the June 23 referendum that they want their country out of the European Union. The leave side has prevailed with 52 percent voters supporting Brexit, or Britain s exit, while the remain side getting 48 percent. Some of the political and economic impacts have been already felt in the United Kingdom and registered in Europe and across the world. The others will come as political and economic uncertainties continue. In the United Kingdom, the Conservative Prime MinisterRead MoreThe European Union ( Eu )1223 Words   |  5 PagesThe European Union(EU) contains just 7% of the world’s population, but produces 1/3 of the world’s Gross National Product (Delegation of the EU to the US). A single market merges all 28 countries of the EU into one economic free-trade zone with no trade tariffs imposed on one another. The EU accounts for 51% of all trade that the United Kingdom (UK) conducts with the world (The Data Team 2). Since its admittance to the Union in 1973, Britain’s economy has grown from 326 million Euros per capita toRead MoreEcological Imperialism by Alfred W. Crosby1117 Words   |  4 Pagesanswers many questions about the history of European expansion. It is a well written and thought out book with great analogies and detailed information that help the reader understand what exactly Crosby is trying to say. He starts off his book by explaining what the Neo-Europes ar e. They are a population who settled in the temperate zones and are mainly European descents. The questions he is attempting to explain is why there is a substantial mass of Europeans in these different lands which were soRead MoreShould Britain Join The European Union For Economic Reasons? Essay1526 Words   |  7 PagesBritain decided to leave the European Union for economic reasons in what the world has called, â€Å"Brexit†; the British Exit. The Prime Minister and many of his supporters believed that the EU was impeding on British sovereignty as well as British interests, such as trade, economic spending, and immigration. This is relevant to Americans because with the recent election, many are comparing Donald Trump’s election to be president to Britain leaving the European Union. It is said that some of Trump’sRead MoreA Report On The European Union1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe European Union contains just 7% of the world’s population, but produce s 1/3 of the world’s Gross National Product (Delegation of the EU to the US). A single market merges all 28 countries of the EU into one economic free-trade zone with no trade tariffs imposed on one another. The EU accounts for 51% of all trade that the UK conducts with the world (The Data Team 2). Since its admittance to the Union in 1973, Britain’s economy has grown from 326 million Euros per capita to 6,116 million EurosRead MoreThe Crisis Caused By The Collapse Of The American Investment Bank1623 Words   |  7 Pagesinvestment bank, the Lehman Brothers, the Europe Union faced difficult decisions to both recover the economy in the short term and in improving the economy for the long. ‘With their immediate response to the Banks in Europe giving them â‚ ¬4.5 trillion, the European Union then had to respond to the debt crisis that occurred as they realised a debt fuel economy was not stable. They then came together to form an Economic union where by a fiscal treaty was created, the idea behind the treaty was to limit yearlyRead MoreThe Mission Station Of Spain1378 Words   |  6 Pagesmission is about a group of Jesuits who established a mission station around the borderland of Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil around 1750. Meanwhile, they converted the local Indians to Christianity. At the end, Cardinal Altamirano ordered Jesuits to leave the mission. Without the protection of the church, the local Indians were killed or slaved by Portuguese. The script of the movie was written from a real historic event in 1754-1756, the Guarani War, which Guarani communities defend their homelandRead MoreInterracial Marriage Between Asian Men And Women860 Words   |  4 Pagesand women in interracial romantic relationships. Asian American men were once in the past that got discriminate against in the United States both institutionally and individually. Asian gain their populations rapidly and more acceptable in US because of the concept of American Dream and the open door policy in the 1980s. (Madsen, 1995) Before the open door policy, there was once another policy about the Chinese, which was the Chinese exclusion act 1882. (Railton, 2013) This act denied allRead MoreThe United Kingdom And The European Union1646 Words   |  7 PagesOn June 23rd of 2016, the United Kingdom (UK) voted in a referendum to leave the European Union (EU). This decision was met with both excitement and hostility. This conflict has many shades of grey, as so many different things happened all at once that need to be discussed. People from all over the world wonder about the future of the UK, whether more countries will attempt to follow in its footsteps and leave the European Union, or if the EU will remain str ong and continue to exist as the source

So Much Media, So Little News Free Essays

So much information, so little Idea The disease of new media has greatly shrink human minds that rub off on more and more people in this technology-accelerating world at present. Daily life nowadays has significant changed compare to ten years ago that office workers used to waiting for subway by reading a daily newspaper, housewives seating at balcony and reading a newspaper in the morning. But now, most people read news on their cellophane or television instead Of newspaper. We will write a custom essay sample on So Much Media, So Little News or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is rubbing off on their behavior? Peter Fun who is an pop-deed writer for the New York Times, writes about polysyllable on his essay â€Å"So much media, So Little Nevus†. Neal Gabbler who is a journalist and culture historian, writes about the relationship between big idea and post-idea world. On his essay â€Å"The Elusive Big Idea†, he argues that people don’t care as much about ideas as they used to be. The connection between the two authors has one of the most important reasons that new media gradually twisted the true value of newspaper that smother big ideas. Thus, in order to correct the twisted value that media are rubbing off on news, the society needs to redefine the value of news and reexamine the concept of big ideas. The broadsheets offered daily coverage by publishing company, but no commentator or analyst gave any context and readers were left to make up their own minds. Peter Punt believes that there is barely people would create ideas on news, men sad truth is that while some of us are naturally curious about what we don ‘t know, an increasing number of readers and viewers want only reinforcement of what they already know. Pig. 1 98) Newspapers believed that their prime duty was to report what had happened the previous day and give a space to reader a way to think, to brainstorm rather than make argument to an event or judge on someone that post online. Were newspapers then better or worse? Certainly, they seem calmer, just followed a formula that required true story rather then come along with a high quality argument to rub off on reader and offer them a ready-made idea. Neal Gabbler argues a social fact that people loss attitude to create ideas in his say, â€Å"It’s not because we are dumber than our forebears but because we just don’t care as much about ideas as they did. In effect, we are living in an increasingly post-idea world that fewer people are generating them and fewer outlets are disseminating them, the Internet notwithstanding'(Pig 533) New media offers a way that what people can get idea from others immediately. Post-idea is a shortcut to make someone become lazy without thinking or taking advantage of technology as the modern science to make unceasing progress. But more and more people choose new media in order to save effort and expect a quick result, which is called the culture of instant gratification. New media provides a fast way to help them to get to know the others’ opinion of news directly. Obliviously, newspaper is a better choice to help people create idea and prompt advance of society. Although 24-hour radio news stations had been established, TV equivalents were some years away. The pages may have been fewer, but the number of news stories was, if anything, slightly higher than in today’s papers. Peter r-nut argues that people pay less attention on on what they not interest, â€Å"today’s boutique media allow many people to skip news altogether. You can set your Internet home page so that it serves up only what you’re interested in. â€Å"(pig 97) New media has diversity format of news, video, audio and fancy advertisement catches people’s attention. Fun is pointing out a very important social trend in how people approach news media although they have the same nostalgia for the old days. People are seeking out information that confirms their own beliefs and interests as opposed to seeking to be informed†. This creates myopic views of the world resulting in corrupting. The prevalence of more and more â€Å"information isolation† is one of the causes of divisiveness. Like what Fun said the best prescription has always been a combination of what Want to know and what we Ought to know. Neal Gabbler proposes the reason why people would pay more attention on new media, â€Å"It keeps us in the loop, and keeps us connected to our friends and our cohort. Ideas are too airy, too impractical, too much work for too little reward. Few talk ideas. Everyone talks information, usually personal information. (534). New media takes more advantages from newspaper that could direct to readers mind. Newspaper still has a strong positive influence on both spread information and help inspire people’s ideas, but the effect was less overwhelming. This was not just because newspapers had fewer intemperate columnists. It was also because even the miners’ strike did not dominate page after page, creating a kind of emotional tsunami, as a similar issue might now. On the broadsheets particularly, width of coverage counted are more than PPTP of report. People have come to learn more and more and to be given more definite ideas about less and less. We live in a golden era of information when you don’t have to passively rely on the news sellers but can go directly to the source yourself. New media effectively endows us with common eyes, ears, and brain. People should not blindly believe some rumored event occurred as described. Anything remotely of interest is available permanently available for anyone curious enough to look for its true different big idea. How to cite So Much Media, So Little News, Papers

Manipulation of Black Art free essay sample

Merriam-Webster online dictionary, gangs rap is defined as rap music with lyrics explicitly portraying the violence and drug use of urban gang life and typically expressing hostility toward whites, women, and civil authority This deflation could disturb many that attempt to find a clear understanding of a culture wrongfully portrayed. Gangs rap was originally a form of expressing Inequalities In society and has changed the way the social psyche is expressed in young people.Through the use of race, gender, violence, and freedom of expression, gangs rap as t is portrayed contributes to the evolution in black culture. In looking at the portrayal of gangs rap through the perspective of author Michael Eric Tyson, he points out that If the fifteen-year evolution of hip-hop teaches us anything, its that history Is made In unexpected ways by unexpected people with unexpected results(P. 391). Gangs rap is used as a method to discuss racial inequality, whether it be twenty years ago or in the present time. The unity is its way of expressing issues affecting black culture in a publicized and at times ridiculed manner. In a world here African Americans have been oppressed into life of slavery and are still considered a minority, gangs rap assists in representing the Issues that are greatly affecting a culture from expanding successfully. As Is stated on page 391, This Is the world hip-hop would come to represent: privileged persons speaking for less visible or vocal peers. Through lyrics, the story told is a real one full of positive and negative aspects of everyday life.At the essence or core of hip-hop, there is an encounter of racism, which is expressed through the voice of fame. The rapper represents the arrival of an everyday war of overexposure of drugs, prostitution, and violence. There Is a social critic of how racism is portrayed as it often depends on the rapper In power. As the author states, He was not hip-hops most gifted emcee. Still, [Outpace] Shaker may be the most Influential and compelling rapper of them all, he was more than the sum of his artistic parts (p. 392).The unique style of Outpace in the sasss told a degrading story of how he was a witness to the everyday calamities of the neighborhood he lived in. As a witness and victim of racism, he was able to prove hat his lyrics were real to many minorities and more important to those who believed rappers where portraying a role for money, As the overexposure of rappers continues dally, the author expresses concern with the record companies who are profiting from at times young rappers who do not know the value system of what they should be receiving.They can be exploited pawns in a chess game of material dominance where their consciences are sold to the highest bidder (p. 392). In essence, rappers can be manipulated by the amount of money they have never seen o put out a hit as opposed on focusing the Issues that made them rap to begin with. It seems Like a distortion of the black culture to a certain extent. Although some can view as well as producing a record worth listening to. What seems of importance is the balance of following the rules off genre and reaping its rewards as well.One of the ways in which rappers play into stereotypes is through the portrayal of women in music videos. Often times women are seen as tall, curvy, sexy women who are held by a mans money or fame. Many of the women seen today are usually half naked in sic videos and hardly ever have a role worth focusing on. As Mr.. Tyson emphasizes, It is doubly wounding for black women who are already beset by attacks from outside their communities to feel the thrust of musical daggers to their dignity from within (p. 92). At the same token, the lyrics stated to express a womans portrayal is often times derogatory, such as the word bitchy. It is almost common these days to hear this type of language being stated in rap songs throughout society. It negates a black womans role by oppressing her in a dishonest manner. One article that refutes the notion that degrading black women is not universal is through the article Barbies Body May Be Perfect, But Critics Remind Us Its Plastic by Angela Cain.It is strongly stated that women in general have always been misconstrued through the use of figures such as Barbie, in which her body dimensions are not proportional. Therefore, although wrongfully portrayed, black women can relate to the discriminatory effects of not having the right body size. As the author points out, this type of distortion can lead to eating disorders prominent n other cultures. As young women compare themselves to Barbie, black women compare themselves to the Barbie portrayed in music videos.As the visual media plays a big role in how women see their bodies. When you look at the cover of some fashion magazine, those models are airbrushed. Nobody looks that perfect. But the magazines makes you think they do (p. 336). Although many cultural difference have been noted, women seem to have a universal notion of what perfection is and how to embody that through extremities. In a society that defines beauty, it is important to Ochs on the positive attributes of women in general, such as climbing the social ladder through academic success.In the same way that women are wrongfully portrayed, black men are also thought of in a negative light. Due to the overexposure of rappers, men are also turned into commodities. Although many are not imitating life, rather recreating it through their music, it tends to create more stereotypes and visual images of what black men represent. It is almost a double standard, in which freedom of expression is portrayed, however, at what cost? The window in which we IEEE gangs rap is too narrow to define black culture. Instead, it feeds into the continuing oppression of a successful realm.Far more crucial, however, is the positive effect of freedom of speech. Throughout African-American history, creative personalities have sought to escape or enliven the role of race artist with varying degrees of success, (P. 394) which is a constant struggle between what is said and what is meant. In other words, Md. Tyson, seems to express the undeniable conflict between the boundary of social responsibility and social acceptable rap. For example, enshrines is often used to confront the issues being portrayed. A crucial distinction needs to be made between censorship of gangs rap and edifying expressions of civic responsibility and community conscientiousness, (p. 395) which implies that gangs rap can be demoralized by the denial of its every right. Just because society one genre of music should be banned from telling their point of view no matter how graphic it may be. Gangs rap often reaches higher than its ugliest, lowest common denominator, misogyny, violence, materialism and sexual transgression are not its exclusive domain.At its best, this music draws attention to complex dimensions of ghetto life ignored by most Americans. Indeed, gangs raps in-your-face style may do more to force America to confront crucial social problems than a million sermons or political speeches (p. 397). Ghetto life is most often emphasized through the use of violence. It is almost common to see a rapper be arrested or murdered in world of conflict. For example, Outpace Shaker and Biggie Smalls were well known for a long time feud between east and west coast music. Both were murdered and neither killer as been caught.This type of feud is often related to the everyday war between gangsters throughout various cities, states, and hoods. As violence is portrayed through music, it can also be noted that the influence of television has taken its toll on black culture as well. In Television Violence and Aggression by Tom Curtis, family violence is researched. In its measure of violence, there was no significant relationship between the violence that children witnesses in their parents spousal relationship and violence in the childrens own marriages (p. 341).If this research is rover to be true, it is refuted by the lyrics being portrayed in music. According to many lyrics, the violence witnessed at home affects the cycle of violence being talked about. Therefore there is a discrepancy and question as to what type of population is being represented. Therefore, gangs rap proves that their voice is not taken into account as is always being stated. In another survey defining television violence, the amount of television watched and aggression were measured. Again, there was a small significant relationship between viewing habits and property damage.If there s not a significant correlation between violence and television, it can be concluded that gangs rappers validate their point of view in eliminating a possible factor for increased aggression and violence. Therefore, violence can highly be correlated to the everyday struggles faced in ghetto life. It would seem unfair to suppress the voice off realistic view in todays society. The undeniable truth seems to be focused on gangs rap. That is not to say that it is objective, since societal views are subjective in nature.What one family or individual go through does not always register across he board. It is ridiculed and criticized, yet respected all at the same time. Rap is a constant struggle of the boundaries it crosses and experiences that are portrayed. However, one truth remains the same; rap is a way of telling a realistic story what someone can be motivated to strive from. Many rappers come from poor households in which they struggle to reach success through passion. In the debate of gangs rap, the unity of all culture is expressed in its essence; the flight for the American dream.Although at times negative and ridiculed, the American dream is what many enter this country to succeed. Influential rappers such as Run from Run D. M. C demonstrate the positive aspects of what one can reach. Run, Joseph Ward Simmons, is a Reverend, who preaches success now through sermons and who in the past has marked hip hop in his own way. He has built an empire of success and hip hop was his stepping stone. That is a positive way of achieving the American Dream. Sometimes it is forgotten that not all rappers are bad and not all situations end the disprove negative portrayals and reap success in a positive light.

Quality Management Awards

A key symbol, of the growing appreciation of management as an area of vast significance, has been the increase, in the late twentieth century, of awards that a range of governments gives their most stupendous organizations.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Quality Management Awards specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This official acknowledgment of management practice and quality mirror the principle, at the top levels, that excellent management practice may be learned and cultivate d by supporting recognition of innovative procedures and best practices. This section will discuss and compare various frameworks of quality management. Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality became established, in 1989, by the United States. This establishment of this prize became motivated by the successes of Japan industrial sectors, due to the introduction of Deming Prize. The Malcolm Baldrige N ational Quality award seeks to acknowledge successful quality management systems and enhance total quality management, in America. The award gets administered by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (Brown 2004; Vokurka et al. 2000). MBNQA focuses on seven criteria including â€Å"Leadership, Strategic Planning, Customer Focus, Measurement, Analysis, and Knowledge management, Workforce Focus, Process management, and Results† (Pryor et al. n.d. p. 7). These centers on the following values â€Å" customer-driven excellence, visionary leadership, organizational and a personal learning, agility, focus on the future, managing for innovation, valuing partners and employees, focus on results, creating value, management by fact, social responsibility and systems perspective†(Pryor et al. n.d. p. 7). MBNQA resembles and differs with the Deming award, in several ways. The Malcolm Baldrige National Award, similar to the Deming Prize, gets applied to corporati ons owned by aliens (Khoo and Tan 2003; Zairi1994). However, MBNQA can only be applied to alien corporations that have half of their assets in America, unlike the Deming award.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More MBNQA stresses on customer focus, through its seven criteria (Hui and Chuan 2002). Hence, MBNQA centers on certain objectives, unlike the Deming award, which is system-centered. Besides, MBNQA uses several professionals in determining the corporations eligible for the award, while the Deming Prize relies, entirely on the JSU, in making decisions.. Lastly, MBNQA is apt to disclosing information of a winning company to others, unlike the Deming Prize, which keeps secrets of the winning company. The Deming Prize The Deming Prize, the Japanese management award, became formed in 1950, by Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers and became first awarded in 1951 (Gabor 1990 ; Vokurka et al. 2000). The award recognizes reliability and quality of commodities, in Japan. The standard assesses a corporation, in the fields of quality improvement, sales, profits, productivity enhancement and cost diminution. Also, it evaluates quality-assurance procedures, with the overall goal of determining the level of total quality control commitment, in a company. This prize can be administered n two forms including the Deming Application Prize and the Deming Prize. Whereas the Deming Application Prize gets based on achievements related to TQC implementation, the Deming Prize may be issued to persons or companies that appreciate TQC, and show progress, in its practice. Also, those eligible for the Deming Prize must have received the Deming Application Prize earlier. The Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers expects the Deming final award to encourage award holders in enhancing quality control of earlier recipient of the award. However, all Deming prizes become award ed at the same time of the year.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Quality Management Awards specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Deming awards may be awarded other countries, apart from the factory and individual medal. The European Quality Awards The European Quality Award became established, in 1992, after the establishment of the Deming and MBNQA. The structure of the award resembles the MBNQA. However, the first awards went to large, profit-oriented corporations, until 1996, when the award adjusted to suit small and medium sized enterprises. A group of six assessors, comprising of quality experts and academicians, assess the practice of the program. The European Quality Awards bases on nine criteria including â€Å"people management, leadership, resource management, policy and strategy, customer satisfaction, process management, impact on society, business results and people satisfaction† (Vokurka et al. 2000 p.43). Most of these criteria resemble those of the MBNQA. However, The European Quality Award stresses on the impact on society and individual s perceptions, which lack in the Deming and MBNQA. The European Quality Award, unlike the Deming and MBNQA, vary in the criterion for qualified corporations. Besides, The European Quality Awards vary, in the group of award assessors, as it includes quality experts and academicians. The European Quality Award matches with MBNQA in that it can only be rewarded to companies that have at least half of their dealings in Europe. However, the European Quality Award is applicable to more nations, than the Deming and MBNQA awards.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Canada Awards for Excellence Canada established the excellent award, in 1983, so as, to credit the practice of management. In the initial phases, the Canadian government became responsible for administering the award (Funk 2004). Ten years later, the National Quality Institute, took direction over the award. Since inception, the Canada Awards for Excellence varied from Deming Prizes in significant ways. First, this award focused more on results than the Deming Prize. Consequently, MBNQA decided to imitate this result perspective into its structure. Similarly, MBNQA adopted the seven criteria just like the Canada Awards for Excellence. Therefore, most criteria in MBNQA can also be found in the Canada Awards for Excellence. The award has seven drivers including â€Å"organizational performance, leadership, customer focus, people focus, planning, supplier focus and process management† (Vokurka et al. 2000 p.44). The Canada Awards for Excellence, equally, differs with the Eur opean Quality Awards. While the Canadian excellent award remained applicable to both private and public sectors, the European award could only be applied to for-profit firms. However, the European award later expanded to incorporate corporations in the public sector (Stading and Vokurka 2003). Although Canada Awards for Excellence are valuable, just like the European Quality Awards, Deming Prize and MBNQA, they operate on a small span because Canada’s population is not large. The Australian Quality Awards for Business Excellence The Australian Quality Awards became established in early 1990s. The award gets issued by the Australian Quality Council. The aim of the award is to develop best practices and quality principles (Vokurka et al. 2000). The award follows seven groups of criteria including â€Å"leadership, people, information and analysis, strategy, policy and planning, customer focus, quality of process, product and service and organizational performance† (Vokur ka et al. 2000 p.44). According to the model, information, people, strategy, analysis, planning and policy and categories have supreme impact on the quality of processes (Vokurka et al. 2000). While the Australian award resembles MBNQA, it stresses more on the importance of multicultural management. It, also, stresses on people and processes, unlike the Deming and other awards. China Quality Award China Quality Award became established in 2001, by the China Association for Quality (CAQ) (Pompeo, 2010). The award gets offered to businesses that promote quality management, develop the general quality and competitive capacity, in order to serve the people and community. China Quality Award follows the Baldrige criteria (Pompeo, 2010). Similar to other awards, for instance, European Quality Award, Deming Prize and MBNQA, beneficiaries of China Quality Award become selected following a lengthy assessment (Pompeo 2010; Tan 2003). ISO 9001:2000 ISO 9001:2000, refers to quality management p ractices that seek to meet â€Å"customer’s quality requirements and applicable regulatory requirements, achieve continual improvement of performance, and enhance customer satisfaction in pursuit of these objectives† (Pryor et al. n. d. p.8). ISO 9000 becomes founded on 8 principles including â€Å" Customer Focus; Leadership; Involvement of People; Process Approach; System Approach to management; Continual Improvement; Factual Approach to Decision Making; and Mutually Beneficial Supplier Relationships† (Pryor et al. n. d. p.8). Hence, ISO 9001:2000 eight principles resemble MBNQA, and other related awards Criteria, in some ways. How â€Å"ISO 9001:2008† framework gets implemented in a real organization operating in the â€Å"United Arab Emirates In this part, we shall focus on the preparation and implementation of the ISO 9001:2008, in UAE, by Organization X. Organization X is a real security firm in UAE, known as First Security Guard. The following is a discussion of the steps that First Security Guard (referred to as organization X), follows in implementing the ISO 9001:2008. Preparation Organization X makes preparation by attempting to understand the ISO 9001:2008 standard. Organization X, then appoints a ISO 9001 â€Å"Management Representative, or the Quality Manager, who is responsible for the preparation and implementation of the appropriate procedures and Quality Manual to guarantee quality at every phase, beginning from acquiring the order to after sales service. Organization X then prepares training for the quality manager, in accordance with the manual. Subsequently, the organization ensures that the executives back the ISO 9001 and necessities that may be associated with this implementation. Also, the founder of Organization X informs all the workers about the significance and feasibility of ISO 9001, so that they do not fear the changes. Quality Manual, Quality Policy and Procedures Organization x prepares various do cuments including Six Quality Procedures, Quality Objectives, Quality Manual, Process Flowchart and Quality Policy. Organization X ensures that all these documents meet all the necessities of the ISO 9001:2008 standard. In addition to the above documents, the organization formulates work instructions, with detailed steps on how processes will function. Implementation, Training and Work Instructions Organization X introduces the novel requirements incorporated in the organization’s Implementation Manual. The organization, through various departments, instructs workers regarding implementation of the standard, and ensures that they fine-tune their methods of working to the new requirements. Internal Audits Organization X hires Abdul, a subcontractor who audits the implementation of the standards. Organization X presents Abdul with the implementation manual of the organization. Abdul examines whether organization X meets the provisions of ISO 9001:2008 as described in the organi zation’s Implementation Manual. Certification Organization X, then selects an appropriate registrar, who can award the certificate. The manager of organization X structures an evaluation form, in an effort to find the best registrar. After the certification audit, organization X uses the new ISO 9001 certification as a marketing tool. The manager of organization X sends announcement cards to its clients, prepares a press release, print the certification blot on letterheads, exhibits a banner outside the organization and adds the ISO 9001 certification mark in its advertisements. Also, the manager of the organization appreciates all workers for their hard work, towards implementation of the standard. Finally, Organization X recognizes the need to maintain the standards, as the registrar of the ISO 9001 certificate must conduct inspection audits several times, in every year, to confirm sustained ISO 9001 fulfillment. Therefore, organization X encourages its workers not to relax , so that they can maintain their excellent position. Also, the Organization maintains its internal audits, so as, to correct any inconsistencies. Organization X recognizes that the first manual, which details the first Quality Procedures of ISO 9001 quality management system, is not necessary. Instead, Organization X uses the streamlining manual to revise ISO 9001 Quality Procedures Manual. Benefits and problems that will face the â€Å"X organization† with its future application of Six-sigma quality management Rizwan (n.d.) defines ‘six sigma’ as a modern quality tool that employs data and statistical analysis to assess and enhance a corporation’s operational performance, systems and practice. The following is a discussion of the benefits and problems that will face the organization X with its future application of Six-sigma quality management. Six Sigma models utilize the combination of statistical assessment tools with modern management techniques to attain results. Thus, Six sigma will help X organization in quality development through boosting customer satisfaction and yield, and thus, enhancing the profitability of the organization, as it centers on incessant quality enhancement. Besides, Six Sigma models will aid X organization in linking with its customers. Customers need to collaborate with organizations, in describing their wants. Six Sigma instruments make this connection, amid the chief elements, actions, vision and strategies, easy. Six Sigma model will enhance the communication, of X Organization’s vision, to all its stakeholders in the most suitable language. However, the employment of Six Sigma model may pose several challenges to X organization, since it is in UAE, which is a developing country. This is because execution of the model, in developing states, encounters numerous difficulties. This occurs because Six Sigma model appears as an integrated process, which can not be taken in parts. Once an organiza tion begins to use the model, it must do so to the end. In a country like UAE, which is a developing state, most government policies do not complete their term or else the policies are short term. Such discontinuity in the policies impedes the efficiency of Six Sigma. Hence, X organization will have challenges in implementing the Sigma model. Also, Six Sigma centers on the technical recognition of diverse factors and then corrective measures get planned against the factors. However, the model usually fails to take into account the human factor, which facilitates the failure of almost 50% of all Six Sigma proposals that organizations in developing nations assume. Human factor is extremely significant, in this case, because X Organization has low automation, and the fact that the organization relies on human capital rather than machines because of cheap and accessible manpower. Such shortcomings point out that organizations should not center on executing Six Sigma, individually. Again , those factors that make Six Sigma effectual are, as well, accountable for reducing its general efficiency. Six Sigma model requires much statistical examination, relying on data, in order to recognize defect field. Correcting such areas is likely to enhance quality, reduce costs and boost efficiency. Fiscal benefits become set as pointers of enhancement for management. However, Non-existence of accurate and high quality data, in X organization, is a critical factor that will hinder effectual implementation. Since X organization is in UAE, which is a developing state, economic, legal, social and political factors are likely to bring long range variances. Lastly, the status quo, in X organization does not allow managers to intermingle with other employees, and; consequently, transmission of manager’s vision to employees does not occur, efficiently. These trends, of developing nations led to unsynchronized thinking for most organizations. In conclusion, we have seen that vario us quality management frameworks can be compared in several ways. MBNQA resembles and differs with the Deming award, in several ways. MBNQA, similar to the Deming Prize, becomes applicable to corporations owned by aliens. However, MBNQA can only be applied to alien corporations that have half of their assets in America, unlike the Deming award. The European Quality Award, unlike the Deming and MBNQA, vary in the criterion for qualified corporations. Besides, The European Quality Awards vary, in the group of award assessors, as it includes quality experts and academicians. The European Quality Award matches with MBNQA in that it can only be rewarded to companies that have at least half of their dealings in Europe. However, the European Quality Award is applicable to more nations, than the Deming and MBNQA awards. The Canada Awards for Excellence, equally, differs with the European Quality Awards. While the Canadian excellent award remained applicable to both private and public sector s, the European award could only be applied to for-profit firms. Although Canada Awards for Excellence are valuable, just like the European Quality Awards, Deming Prize and MBNQA, they operate on a small span because Canada’s population is not large. While the Australian award resembles MBNQA, it stresses more on the importance of multicultural management. It, also, stresses on people and processes, unlike the Deming and other awards. Similar to other awards, for instance, European Quality Award, Deming Prize and MBNQA, beneficiaries of China Quality Award become selected following a lengthy assessment. ISO 9001:2000 eight principles resemble MBNQA, and other related awards Criteria, in some ways. Also, we have seen the implications of X organization adopting the Sigma quality management. First, Six Sigma models utilize the combination of statistical assessment tools with modern management techniques to attain results. Thus, Six sigma will help X organization in quality devel opment through boosting customer satisfaction and yield, and thus, enhancing the profitability of the organization, as it centers on incessant quality enhancement. Six Sigma model appears as an integrated process, which can not be taken in parts. Once an organization begins to use the model, it must do so to the end. In a country like UAE, which is a developing state, most government policies do not complete their term or else the policies are short term. Such discontinuity in the policies impedes the efficiency of Six Sigma. Hence, X organization will have challenges in implementing the Sigma model. References Brown, MG 2004, Baldrige award winning quality: how to interpret the Baldrige criteria for performance excellence, Portland, Productivity Press Inc. Funk, V 2004, ‘Quality awards listing’, Quality Progress vol. 37, no. p548. Gabor, A 1990, The man who discovered quality: How W. Edwards Deming Brought the quality revolution to America: the stories of Ford, Xerox, and GM. New York, Times Books. Hui, K H and Chuan TK 2002, ‘Nine approaches to organizational excellence’, Journal of Organizational Excellence, vol. 22, p.535. Khoo, H H and Tan, KC 2003, ‘Managing for quality in the USA and Japan: differences between the MBNQA, DP and JQA’,†TQM Magazine, vol. 15, no. 1, p.144. Pompeo, J 2010, Living inside china’s quality revolution, https://news.alibaba.com/article/detail/trade-knowledge/100334017-1-living-inside-china%2527s-quality-revolution.html Pryor, M G, Toombs, L and Anderson, D n.d, ‘What management and quality theories are best for small businesses’, Journal of Management and Marketing Research, pp.1-12, http://www.aabri.com/manuscripts/09208.pdf. Rizwan, A n.d, Six sigma and developing countries, Pakistan, University of Engineering Technology. Stading, GLand Vokurka, RJ, 2003. ‘Building quality strategy content using the process from national and international quality awardsâ₠¬â„¢, TQM Business Excellence, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 93146. Tan, KC 2003, ‘Factors affecting the development of national quality awards’, Business Excellence, vol. 7, no. 3, p.375. Vokurka, R J, Stading, G L, and Brazeal, J 2000, ‘A comparative analysis of national and regional quality awards’ , Quality Progress, vol. 33, pp.42-49. Zairi, M1994, Measuring performance for business results, London, Springer. This report on Quality Management Awards was written and submitted by user Liam Richardson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

5 Must Haves for an Effective Cover Letter

5 Must Haves for an Effective Cover Letter We know how it goes. You can format and revise your resume all day long, but when it comes to writing an effective cover letter, you sit there looking at a blank Word document and wondering where to start. When you break down the anatomy of a great cover letter, it’s really just an extension of your resume that gets specific about why you’re interested in the position and what makes you qualified to fill it.The team at  ResumeSpice, a resume writing and career coaching service developed by recruiters, has put together a list of five things to keep in mind when putting together a great cover letter.  1. Appropriate length, formatting, and fontsJust like your resume, you don’t want to over stylize your cover letter or go crazy with the fonts. Pick a professional font that’s easy-to-read and keep everything left-aligned.Your cover letter is not a manifesto. It’s a brief introduction that can give a better sense of who you are. We recommend that ità ¢â‚¬â„¢s no longer than a page – stick to 3-4 paragraphs.  2. An appropriate addresseeA cover letter is meant to draw the hiring manager or recruiter in, so beginning your letter with â€Å"To Whom It May Concern,† puts distance between you and the reader.You can ask your recruiter for the hiring manager’s name – or if you don’t have a recruiter, do a little research on LinkedIn. And if that doesn’t work, call into the company and ask who is hiring for that role. But don’t give your name – most hiring managers frown upon candidates calling in, so make sure your call stays under the radar.3. EnthusiasmYou applied to the position for a reason. Look at the job description and pick out what excited you about it. If you felt like you were a perfect match, say it! You might write something like, â€Å"As a communications professional with over eight years of experience in PR, the PR Advisor role felt like it was written just for m e.†4. A NarrativeThis is the meat of your cover letter. This is where you’ll write about why you’re interested in the position, what makes you a great fit, and what you can specifically bring to the table. For this piece, it’s helpful to again look back at the job description and pick 2-3 items that you have strong experience in.If you’re applying for a communications job, part of your narrative may read like this: â€Å"My ability to communicate with every stakeholder, as well as my extensive experience with PR crisis management make me a strong candidate for the Communications Director role.†5. Focuses on the employee’s needsWe can’t stress this enough – your cover letter is not really about you. Sure, it’s about your skills, accomplishments, and experience that make you a great fit, but it’s really about how all of that will benefit the employer. To that end, stay away from anything that mentions your own personal gain should you work there. For example, you’ll want to nix anything in your cover letter that sounds like: â€Å"I’ve always wanted to work in a management role, so this opportunity is a perfect way to achieve my goals.†Putting together a strong cover letter can be a difficult task if you’ve never written one before. Make sure you keep your cover letter relevant to the job and the employer, but don’t be afraid to be yourself and show your excitement about the company or the position. Happy writing!About ResumeSpice:ResumeSpice is an online career services company, offering a comprehensive menu of career services to help job seekers land the job of their dreams. From resume writing to cover letter, interviewing, LinkedIn, and career coaching services, job seekers are able to select from a suite of options that meet their needs. ResumeSpice was developed by recruiters based on first-hand knowledge of what recruiters, hiring managers, and H R professionals are really looking for in a successful candidate. For more information, visit  www.resumespice.com.

My SAT Testing Center Was a Nightmare - Make Sure This Doesnt Happen to You

My SAT Testing Center Was a Nightmare - Make Sure This Doesn't Happen to You SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips On Saturday, June 6th, I sat alongside high school students to take the SAT at George Washington Prep High School in South Los Angeles. I knew what to expect. I’d taken the test back in 2009 in South Florida when I was beginning my own college application process. I could never have imagined how different my experience would be this time. My SAT Testing center, located in a poor area of Los Angeles, had HUGEflaws that resulted in extremely unfair testing conditions for the students. When I shared these experiences with my co-workers, they were flabbergasted. But others shared experiences that were just as deplorable. I wish I were joking. I wish this were satire. But this isn't Saturday Night Live, and there were serious problems that ruined the experience for the other test-takers, many of whom were taking it for the first time and using vouchers. This is undoubtedly happening across the country and crippling the scores and futures of thousands of students. Unfortunately, as in my experience,these problems may be especially prevalent in lower income areas where students aren't as well prepared for how the test SHOULD go, and incompetent proctors may be overlooked. Read this and make sure this doesn't happen to you. I'll address the five main issues that occurred: Shortened section times Communicating the wrong instructions Intolerable noise Poor proctoring leading to opportunities for cheating Break time waived I'm reporting 100% fact from my own experience. I'm not a dramatic person, and I wish these things hadn't happened. At the end, I'll address why these issues matter, what you as a test taker should learn from my experience, and what the College Board should learn from my experience. Shortened Section Time Issues While many students are angry over the 20/25-minute discrepancy on section 8/9 of the test, this is not the timing issue I am referring to. To be honest, no one at my testing center seemed to notice. There were too many other issues. We only received 20 minutes for the essay portion, instead of 25 minutes - a full 20% less than the allotted time. Our proctor incorrectly wrote that we started at 8:45 when we actually started at 8:50, according to my watch and the clock on the wall.I didn’t say anything at the time because I assumed he was timing off his own watch that was perhaps 5 minutes behind. I assumed we would be stopped at 9:15 according to my watch, but we were stopped at 9:10. How many clocks does it take to tell the time? I didn't say anything, and I regret it. I was able to finish my own essay, but I could have potentially helped the students around me. I didn't say anything at the time because I second-guessed myself. Was I wrong?Was the section only 20 minutes long? I re-read the instructions after the test was over and realized that we were supposed to have 25 minutes for the essay. Also, in some ways, I felt helpless. I only had 1 proctor in my room, and he was the one making the mistakes. Would he listen to me? Who could I talk to other than him? I should have sought help from the other proctors especially because the timing issues continued. On a few sections without a break before them, we were short a minute per section. For those sections, our proctor said the section began at the same time the other ended.When in fact, he read directions in between, so the new section began about a minute after the other ended. With only 10-25 minutes per section, this minute could have been crucial to students. I made a mistake by not speaking up, but you shouldn't. If this happens to you, you MUST speak up. While this issue may have had the most direct impact on our scores, the others are just as worrisome. 100% Incorrect Instruction Issues On top of the timing issues, there were issues with the instructions.At the beginning of the test when reading the directions, the proctor misspoke and said you could not write in your test booklet. What I think he meant was that you can’t ONLY write your answers in the test booklet, as you need to fill out the scantron to have your test scored. A student was confused and asked if she could write in the booklet. He said no. This is absolutely, 100% false. You're supposed to mark up the reading passages and do your math figuring directly in the test booklet. I spoke up. I said, â€Å"Yes, you can write in the booklet, but you need to put your final answers on the scantron.†The proctor said he wasn’t sure.Finally, another student spoke up and said that she read on the back of her test booklet that you can write in it.The student who originally asked the question looked unsure because the proctor still said he wasn’t sure. This is unacceptable. Imagine how hard it is to do math without writing out work or use process of elimination when you can’t physically cross out answer choices.If this happened at my site, you could imagine how many instruction issues occur throughout the country. People who have studied the test thoroughly know this instruction is wrong. But people who haven't taken the test and aren't prepared would have no idea.This would cripple their score. Another PrepScholar writer took the test at a different testing center in Los Angeles this weekend, and her proctor kept skipping over instructions or telling "jokes" like "the test will last 23 hours."Her proctor really scared some students with that one.Additionally, her proctor missed several 5-minute warnings. So, it's very important to bring your own watch to self-time.Some issues are out of your control: Unbearable, Concentration-Breaking Noise Issues During my test, there were noise issues CAUSED by the proctor as well as outside noise issues.After starting the test, our proctor promptly popped in ear buds and began listening to music. This is wrong on a number of levels.We could hear the music clearly through his headphones, and finally, about 10 minutes into the essay, one student had the courage to ask him to lower the volume.To his credit, our proctor apologized profusely and lowered the volume - but he should not have been listening in the first place. LOUD NOISES! At some point in the middle of the test, our proctor opened the window to our classroom (big mistake).During one section, we heard young children screaming in the hallway for a few minutes (why were they at a high school on a Saturday? who knows!).Our proctor did ask them to stop, but it was still a disturbance, and the window should have been closed. During a later section, there was a very loud ice cream truck playing â€Å"it’s a small world† on loop.I asked the proctor about it, but he just told me it was an ice cream truck and did nothing. It clearly was parked in the school parking lot or something because it continued to play â€Å"it’s a small world† audibly and loudly for about 15-20 minutes. This noise was incredibly distracting. I was trying to power through a CR passage and block it out.Again, the proctor did not close the window. He did not try to get another faculty member to investigate the noise. He just let it continue. I know noise issues are a common problem.Another PrepScholar writer took the test in Northern California this weekend, and her proctor was watching a movieon their iPad, which accidentally switched to full volume during a section.She said her proctor promptly turned it off.However, no proctors should be allowed to use electronic devices during the test.They need to be alert and focused to catch any possible cheating. Creating Opportunities for Cheating Issues During my test, there was a definite possibility of cheating. I am not saying that anyone cheated. I did not specifically see anyone cheating. However, I know it would have been far more possible to happen compared to normal testing centers. At the beginning of the test, when the proctor was listening to his music while at his desk, it would have been easy to whisper to the students around you to discuss the essay. Don't do it! During one break, the proctor stood outside the classroom by the door, leaving all of the students who decided to stay in the room alone at their desks with their test booklet and answer key.It would have been easy to go back and review your work or answer problems you couldn’t get to. Additionally, the proctor only walked up and down the aisles at most 3 times during the entire test.He did not check calculators.We could easily have had unapproved programs with vocabulary words or something else. While I genuinely do not think cheating occurred in my classroom, my proctor definitely opened himself up to possible cheating.My proctor did not seem to care about much other than getting out of the test as quickly as possible, which leads me to my next point. Waiving Important Breaks Issues Another huge issue was that after our 4th section break, our proctor put it to a vote as to whether we would only break between the 7th and 8th section or whether we’d take 2 breaks. No. This test is NOT a democracy. The College Board requires three 5-minutebreaks and doesn’t let the students decide.We voted to take only one break.My proctor was elated as he was â€Å"trying to get to a Dodger’s game.† I didn’t need another break; however, I’m sure if I were a student who wanted the additional break to reset, I would have been too nervous to speak up and conflict the group opinion. Students should not have been placed in that awkward situation. Why Does This Matter? Social Inequality. The College Board Is Failing Its Students. All of these problems created an incredibly unfair testing environment. I definitely think my score may have been impacted. I barely finished the Critical Reading section while "it's a small world" was playing on loop. All of the issues made it very difficult to concentrate. Additionally, the essay, for which we received20% less time than normal, counts for 30% of our Writing score. An incomplete essay or poorly written essay could easily drop your score 100-200 points on the Writing section. If this happened at my testing center, which I randomly chose from the centers available in the Los Angeles reason, irregularity must be incredibly prevalent, and that is unbelievably sad. As I mentioned, two other PrepScholar writers also had unforgivably bad experiences at their test sites.Testing center regulation should be of the utmost importance to the College Board, especiallyas I believe this issue may impact those at the lowest socioeconomic levels more. I took my test at George Washington Preparatory High School in the Westmont neighborhood in South Los Angeles. According to an article from the LA Times, the average household income in Westmont is $31,572. It ranks 242nd out of the 265 ranked neighborhoods by household income in Los Angeles, meaning it'sthe 13th poorest neighborhood in all of Los Angeles, in the bottom 10 percentile. The College Board already knows from their testing data that their SAT tests unfairly disadvantage those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. However, the College Board does not take into account the unfair testing conditions that may be contributing to these students' lower scores as well. I know that the playing fields are incredibly uneven when it comes to SAT testing centers. My original SAT Testing Center, William T. Dwyer High School in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, stuck to the rules. The proctors knew the instructionsand were able to answer any of our questions. There were no noise disturbances, and the timing was precise. The proctors circulated throughout the test, ensuring that there was no cheating. I don't know what it takes to become a proctor in South Los Angeles. Clearly, the proctors weren't instructed well, and the College Board doesn't care enough to maintain quality evenly throughout the country. If I were to guess, the College Board takes extra care when it knows students are hyper-vigilant and ready to pounce on a single screwup. In wealthy areas of metropolises like New York City, Boston, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Chicago, students would complain incessantly. And the College Board can't risk another scandal. So it pays attention to those areas and makes sure they stay quiet. But where students are unprepared, don't know their rights, and aren't as motivated to report problems, the College Board gets away with unforgivable behavior like this. TheSAT can account for a huge part of whether a student can get into her dream college or not. These conditions severely disadvantage the people the College Board is supposed to be trying to help. But not all hope is lost. While the College Board may not be doing anything to level the playing field, you as the test taker can take certain steps to help yourself get the fairest testing conditions possible. What a Test Taker Should Learn From My Experience: Try to go into the SAT as knowledgeable as possible about the test. Know the amount of timing you are allowed per section. Read the instructions at home. You should be able to read them off of any free SAT practice test. If you have any questions about these directions, email or call the College Board in advance of your test date, so you know the answer from the authority. Ask your older friends where they took their SAT. Ask them if there were any issues. Was the timing correct? Was there distracting noise? Bring your own watch to time yourself. If you notice a timing issue, raise your hand and ask/tell your proctor about it. For noise issues, unfortunately, the College Board doesn’t allow you to take the test with ear plugs (a policy I think they should change). You need to ask your proctor to close all windows. Ask your proctor to tell whoever is outside to quiet down or go elsewhere. If your proctor is unable to answer any questions you have about the instructions, ask your proctor to go ask someone else. Demand to speak to someone else or have your proctor call the College Board. If you have other issues with your proctor as far as allowing possible cheating or trying to cut out break or anything else, go find another proctor during your break! Tell the other proctor what is happening. If you feel your issues were not addressed at the testing center, call the College Board; here is their phone number. I did! The College Board takes these matters seriously as they pride themselves on standardization. What the College Board Should Learn From My Experience: With all of these issues, I hope the College Board will consider offering free re-tests to every other student at George Washington Prep High School. I also feel this reveals a bigger issue that the College Board needs to address: proctor training.I think all proctors should undergo a required training session before they act as a proctor for any SAT test. At these training sessions, the proctors should be taught the instructions and rules of the test. They should be taught the exact timing procedure including breaks, and they should be forced to practice it. Also, they should be told that they are never allowed to use electronic devices during the test. Additionally, they should be taughthow to watch for cheating by checking calculators, walking up and down the aisles, etc. Proctors need to know their own dos and don'ts. While I believe my proctor could have done better, I still think the College Board is to blame for the lack of standardized procedures at test centers. Why has the situation gotten so bad? I am not sure. Perhaps the College Board needs to send observers to every school site toensure fair testing conditions are being met? I also think thatall SAT test takersshould receive a test taker’s rights guide from the College Board so that they know what is fair or unfair.These students I took the test with were mainly first time, voucher-using students, who had no idea what to expect. What’s Next? Taking the SAT soon? Learn about the rules and regulations, and know thatif your test center has a problem to speak up. Trying to figure out where to go to college? Let us help you pick out your target school. Studying for the SAT? Read our ultimate SAT study guide. Taking the test really soon? Learn how to cram for the test. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Safe work environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Safe work environment - Essay Example Visitors language should be checked for any harmful devises carried by him. Work stations are to be design to make the employees more comfortable as they would be working long hours sitting. The work station and the equipments like tables and chairs are to be designed to ease the pressure on the employees' body thus avoiding the stains and pains at various back parts. New employees are to be made known about the safety and security measures prior to their joining. They should be given a book let explaining about the privacy and safety policies for their kind reference. The parcels and other goods coming through courier service are to be checked at the ground floor security and should forward to their floors. If the goods are having some offense contents the objects are to be kept at the ground dispatch room and the consignee has to be called for cross check. An in-house doctor has to be placed at the work station for addressing concerns. Reference: Employee safety handbook, Office of research safety and office of risk management, Northwestern university, 2003 viewed on 21/12/2006 available at http://www.northwestern.edu/risk/EmpSafetyHandbook2003.pdf Safety tips,

Financial management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial management - Case Study Example However, a ratio above 2 would mean that PQ is not investing excess assets. For best and optimal performance, a W/C ratio between 1.2 and 2.0 is sufficient. A debt ratio that is greater than 1 would indicate that Mr. Banks company owns more debts in comparison to assets. Similarly, if his company is capable of having a ratio that is less than 1, this indicates that PQ has more assets compared to debt. When the debt ratio is used in conjunction with other measures of financial health, Mr. Banks would find it easier to determine the risk level his company is to face in the near future. If PQ earned $20 million in revenue solely from producing widgets and was successful in incurring $10 million in COGS- related expense, the gross profit margin of Mr. Banks Company would be 50%. This shows that for every dollar that the PQ Company would earn on widgets, the company gets only $0.50 at the final stage. While considering the earning s of PQ, the entire picture of the company’s position is not clearly understood. If the company would amplify its earnings, it is not only that the company would benefit from it, but also the margin of the company would also be improved. For example, if Mr. Banks Company has costs that have risen at a rate greater than the sales, the result would be that the company would face lower profit margins. This would indicate to the company that costs are in dire need to be control in a better manner. Before converting his investments, Mr. Banks must consider several factors which effect PQ directly and indirectly. For the purpose of equity finance, PQ could become a corporate entity. This is mainly because this brings forward the easiest method for raising capital form several investors. These particularly include those investors which who are not interested in participating in the business actively. An example includes that it becomes far easier and risk free to convince 20

Yeats Analysis Essay, the Influential Nature of His Writing Essay Example for Free

Yeats Analysis Essay, the Influential Nature of His Writing Essay Love, desire, loneliness, aging, timelessness, beauty, the turmoil of modern civilization, romanticism and modernism are all characteristics under which Yeats have shaped his text about which expresses the reality of his time, genuinely showcasing the legitimacy and influence in his poetry. Seen as obsessive and an elitist, his themes, images, symbols, metaphors, and poetic sensibilities encompass his own notion of experience as well as the troubled times experienced by his nation, all coupling with Irish and Greek mythology and the 19th Century occultism all wounding together and informed by his knowledge of his interpretative understanding. A particular influential element of Yeats poetry is the substantial reference to history. Yeats believed that politics and art were intrinsically linked which had influenced his writing and attitude towards Irish politics also educating the audience on Irish history, believing that his poems could both critique and comment on political events, as well as educate and inform a population. Yeats as well explores relationship between arts and politics, heavily influenced by his deep connection to Ireland. In one of his poems, Easter 1916, talks the Easter 1916 rebellion. The poem begins with personal observations and the presentation of the poet of which influences the rest of the poem with the repetition â€Å"I†, initially this indicates his distance – his disconnection with the cause, however as these events unfold his empathy is induced, his superior attitude towards the masses show aristocratic unfamiliarity with the nation, the expression of ‘motley’ and ‘stone’ creates subtleness through the multiple meanings of the words, this allows the poem to have many interpretations. The poem is divided into 4 stanzas and like most of his poetry, transitions from general to specific. At first the people in the poem are unknown, they are described as â€Å"motley† and is later identified as wearing â€Å"green†. ‘Motley’ in the context of the poem can be perceived as non-conformists which is in stark contrast to the ‘green’ which he later describes as wearing could potentially be a reference to the color of Ireland. As Yeats was initially critical, he credits the sacrifices of the supreme leaders for a noble cause towards the end which could allude to his regret of his lack of conviction and participation, his admiration potentially indicating absolving submission. In relation to the history element in Yeat’s writing, Yeats expresses the popular theme of how fate and divinity could affect history. His devotion to mysticism led to the symbolic word ‘gyre’, to which in the second coming, is derived from. The second coming, one of Yeats poems, deals with apocalypse, the aftermath of uprisings, deterioration, decline and dissolution, as ‘the second coming’ is a biblical reference of the end of the world. The poem opens with tone of chaos, loss of control and a destroyed chain of order but all is detached in the eventuality through optimism and authority. In the first stanza, Yeats uses the symbolic Ireland as a microcosm to illustrate the view of historical cycles, of which has reached the pinnacle of expansion. â€Å"blood-dimmed time† which refers to slaughter during WWI relates to the warning that the world is in a pit of anarchy and rage. â€Å"Surely some revelation is at hand; surely the second coming is at hand†; Yeats hopes with his mysticism that with the explosion of the ‘gyre’ of history will cause a new antithetical age. The technique of the repetition of particular words â€Å"turning and turning†, â€Å"falcon.. falconer† adds weight to Yeats assertion of meaning and to emphasize the element of time and control. Initially Yeats was a romantic poet then became a modernist poet which is a theme of which plays in his poems; the transition from romanticism to modernism. Yeats personal experiences voice through his work such as Maud Gonne which had caused the cynical romantic idealism of his work. The reflection of years passing by in his poem â€Å"The Wild Swans at Coole†, reflect the change of one’s physicality such as with age comes deterioration of beauty, Yeats suggests attitudes about death and eternity, the poem revolves around a romantic theme with a modern obliqueness. The recounting of the Yeats trips to count the swans on the water is given its serenity by the beautiful nature imagery with the line â€Å"Their hearts have not grown old † Yeats, who is in gentle pain of personal memory, juxtaposes evidently with the swans, which are treated as symbols as their hearts have not grown ‘old’. Conclusively, Yeats, who was seen as an elitist and obsessed, had written with great influence of his identity, personal experience and beliefs, incorporated with his knowledge of history, the exploration of mysticism, his interpretative understanding of his time, and his constructive views towards arts and politics, has been undermined in the eyes of critics, his ingenuity in his writing proves that his work is ultimat ely legitimate and influential in his time, or maybe of all time.

A Massive Project For The Benefit Of Mankind: A Look At The Human Geno :: essays research papers fc

A Massive Project for the Benefit of Mankind: A Look at the Human Genome Project Scientists are taking medical technology to new heights as they race to map all of the genes, nearly 100,000, in the 23 chromosomes of the human body. Along the way, they hope to understand the basis of, and maybe even develop methods of treating certain genetic diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Muscular Dystrophy. They plan to do this by identifying the DNA sequence of an abnormal gene in which a disease originates and comparing it with the data of a normal or healthy gene. The entire research project is entitled "The Human Genome Project." "The Human Genome Project" is a large scale project being conducted by more than 200 laboratories, with even more researchers and labs having joined in. Most of the labs and researchers are located in France and the United States. The project started in 1990 and was slated to take 15 years and cost $3 billion in U.S. money for the entire project coming to roughly $200 million per year. Federal funding for the project is nearly 60% of the annual need. This has created some funding problems for the project. There also have been technological advances and discoveries that have helped to speed up the project. This automation may help to reduce the cost and help the project to meet its objectives ahead of schedule. The project was estimated to have detailed maps of all of the chromosomes and know the location of most of the human Genes by 1996. Researchers have successfully located the gene and DNA sequence for Huntington’s Disease on Chromosome 4 and have created a genetic test to determine if a person carries this gene. "The child of a person with Huntington's has a 50% chance of inheriting the gene, which inevitably leads to the disease." Once an individual acquires the gene, it is only a matter of time before they acquire the disease. Because the medical costs of treating such persons in terminal illnesses are extremely high, insurance companies who want to stay in business see this genetic test, and others like it, as an opportunity to screen prospective clients for the probability of such diseases. Some people feel that this information gives insurance companies unfair advantage over those covered by medical insurance and point out that release of genetic information to insurance companies puts a severe disadvantage on the person who is screened, as well as violates the patients right to privacy. If this genetic information is not safegua rded as confidential for the patient’s and doctor’s knowledge alone, then the patient can be labeled as undesirable and

Edward scissorhands

We instantly scan people for some characteristic we like and then we latch on to it. Social expectations we are all trained in from a young age, Edwards problem is that he isn't used to this. He has to be taught all these things. Each group of friends and family has little expectations . Edward has a lady who comes Edward and Othello are treated really well until they provide an advantage to society, once this benefit is complete these people are thrown out like trash.Still a elineation between a man and a woman. Othello Just expects her to obey him no matter what. Edward is not believed when he says she was seducing me , he is not believed because he is different. Othello and Edward are both subjected to perspective. They all believe Desdemona deserves better than Othello, and the girl deserves better than Edward. They are both obviously different and are therefore excluded. Because you have a heritage from another country you must be born there.Alienating someone can really affect their identity. If one person starts to doubt one person it gets contagious. Iago puts enough doubt on Othello to lead and the weird lady makes everyone turn against Edward. Once people can make other people see them differently Seed of doubt, once that gets planted that's when the trouble starts. The only woman that understands Edward is that woman, who is mothered by her Othello – you never hear that he can go and talk to someone when things go wrong. Edward has no one either.Edward has the woman who seems a bit naive but Othello has literally no one. Othello sees himself as an outsider- the whole out of my league thing- he cant believe that Desdemona has married me He sees himself as a rough, baboon soldier, this is evident when he apologises for his speech If you don't know the rules then you become the outsider If it doesn't agree with their thinking they will change things to make things work for them. People that feel like outsiders, are easy to take advantage edward s cissorhands By brandonrouth Edward scissorhands We instantly scan people for some characteristic we like and then we latch on to it. Social expectations we are all trained in from a young age, Edwards problem is that he isn't used to this. He has to be taught all these things. Each group of friends and family has little expectations . Edward has a lady who comes Edward and Othello are treated really well until they provide an advantage to society, once this benefit is complete these people are thrown out like trash.Still a elineation between a man and a woman. Othello Just expects her to obey him no matter what. Edward is not believed when he says she was seducing me , he is not believed because he is different. Othello and Edward are both subjected to perspective. They all believe Desdemona deserves better than Othello, and the girl deserves better than Edward. They are both obviously different and are therefore excluded. Because you have a heritage from another country you must be born there.Alienating someone can really affect their identity. If one person starts to doubt one person it gets contagious. Iago puts enough doubt on Othello to lead and the weird lady makes everyone turn against Edward. Once people can make other people see them differently Seed of doubt, once that gets planted that's when the trouble starts. The only woman that understands Edward is that woman, who is mothered by her Othello – you never hear that he can go and talk to someone when things go wrong. Edward has no one either.Edward has the woman who seems a bit naive but Othello has literally no one. Othello sees himself as an outsider- the whole out of my league thing- he cant believe that Desdemona has married me He sees himself as a rough, baboon soldier, this is evident when he apologises for his speech If you don't know the rules then you become the outsider If it doesn't agree with their thinking they will change things to make things work for them. People that feel like outsiders, are easy to take advantage edward s cissorhands By brandonrouth Edward Scissorhands Tim Burton exposes us to a vulnerable, almost baby Like UN-developed human In a full grown man's body. We are allowed In to Edwards strange, yet exciting new world where we experience In his many plaguing problems, of heart ache and confusion. Edwards problems are both caused equally by, his kind-hearted good nature and his trusting soul towards others, but at the same time by his rage and anger in desperate times caused by the cruel judging people of his new found society. He's so called friends'.They judge him on by he way he acts, it doesn't help that he was Isolated for so long, and was taught things for a different era It wasn't his fault. Edward Is Judged a lot also by the way he look, his pale skin, his gothic leather clothes, his scared face and mostly by his razor- sharp scissors he has for hands. It is because of these differences that he is rejected by this messed up society called a community, even the town reject calls him a ‘perversion of nature'. Within the film Edward Chardonnays, the director Tim Burton exposes us to a vulnerable, almost baby like UN-developed human in a full grown Nan's body.We are allowed In to Edwards strange, yet exciting new world where we experience In his many plaguing problems, of heart ache and confusion. Edwards problems are both caused equally by, his kind-hearted good nature and his trusting soul towards others, but at the same time by his rage and anger in desperate times caused by the cruel Judging people of his new found society. He's so called friends'. They Judge him on by the way he acts, it doesn't help that he was isolated for so long, and was taught things for a deferent era it wasn't his fault.Edward Is judged a lot also by the way he look, his pale skin, his gothic leather clothes, his scared face and mostly by his razor-sharp scissors he has for hands. It is because of these differences that he is rejected by this messed up society called a community, even the town reject calls him a ‘pervers ion of nature'. Within the film Edward Chardonnays, the director Tim Burton exposes us too vulnerable, almost baby like UN-developed human in a full grown man's body. We are allowed in to Edwards strange, yet exciting new world where we experience in his many plaguing problems, of heart ache and confusion.Edwards problems are both caused equally by, his kind-hearted good nature and his trusting soul towards others, but at the same time by his rage and anger in desperate times caused by the cruel Judging people of his new found society. He's so called friends'. They Judge him on by the way he acts, it doesn't help that he was isolated for so long, and was taught things for a different era it wasn't his fault. Edward is Judged a lot also by the way he look, his pale skin, his gothic leather clothes, his scared face and mostly by his razor-sharp scissors he has for hands.It Is because of these differences that he Is rejected by this messed up society called a community, even the town r eject calls him a ‘perversion of nature'. Vulnerable, almost baby like UN-developed human in a full grown man's body. We are allowed in to Edwards strange, yet exciting new world where we experience in his judging people of his new found society. He's so called friends'. They Judge him on by the way he acts, it doesn't help that he was isolated for so long, and was taught things for a different era it wasn't his fault. Edward is Judged a lot also by the way he ‘perversion of nature'. Edward Scissorhands Tim Burton exposes us to a vulnerable, almost baby Like UN-developed human In a full grown man's body. We are allowed In to Edwards strange, yet exciting new world where we experience In his many plaguing problems, of heart ache and confusion. Edwards problems are both caused equally by, his kind-hearted good nature and his trusting soul towards others, but at the same time by his rage and anger in desperate times caused by the cruel judging people of his new found society. He's so called friends'.They judge him on by he way he acts, it doesn't help that he was Isolated for so long, and was taught things for a different era It wasn't his fault. Edward Is Judged a lot also by the way he look, his pale skin, his gothic leather clothes, his scared face and mostly by his razor- sharp scissors he has for hands. It is because of these differences that he is rejected by this messed up society called a community, even the town reject calls him a ‘perversion of nature'. Within the film Edward Chardonnays, the director Tim Burton exposes us to a vulnerable, almost baby like UN-developed human in a full grown Nan's body.We are allowed In to Edwards strange, yet exciting new world where we experience In his many plaguing problems, of heart ache and confusion. Edwards problems are both caused equally by, his kind-hearted good nature and his trusting soul towards others, but at the same time by his rage and anger in desperate times caused by the cruel Judging people of his new found society. He's so called friends'. They Judge him on by the way he acts, it doesn't help that he was isolated for so long, and was taught things for a deferent era it wasn't his fault.Edward Is judged a lot also by the way he look, his pale skin, his gothic leather clothes, his scared face and mostly by his razor-sharp scissors he has for hands. It is because of these differences that he is rejected by this messed up society called a community, even the town reject calls him a ‘pervers ion of nature'. Within the film Edward Chardonnays, the director Tim Burton exposes us too vulnerable, almost baby like UN-developed human in a full grown man's body. We are allowed in to Edwards strange, yet exciting new world where we experience in his many plaguing problems, of heart ache and confusion.Edwards problems are both caused equally by, his kind-hearted good nature and his trusting soul towards others, but at the same time by his rage and anger in desperate times caused by the cruel Judging people of his new found society. He's so called friends'. They Judge him on by the way he acts, it doesn't help that he was isolated for so long, and was taught things for a different era it wasn't his fault. Edward is Judged a lot also by the way he look, his pale skin, his gothic leather clothes, his scared face and mostly by his razor-sharp scissors he has for hands.It Is because of these differences that he Is rejected by this messed up society called a community, even the town r eject calls him a ‘perversion of nature'. Vulnerable, almost baby like UN-developed human in a full grown man's body. We are allowed in to Edwards strange, yet exciting new world where we experience in his judging people of his new found society. He's so called friends'. They Judge him on by the way he acts, it doesn't help that he was isolated for so long, and was taught things for a different era it wasn't his fault. Edward is Judged a lot also by the way he ‘perversion of nature'.

Moab

In 1868, a stone was uncovered in the biblical city of Dibon, on which were recorded victories over the Israelites by Mesha, king of Moab. The Mesha stele or the Moabite stone described how Moab was conquered by Omri, King of Israel, as the result of the anger of the god Kemosh. Mesha’s victories over Omri’s son, over the men of Gad at Ataroth and at Nebo and Jehaz. Also it described Mesha’s public buildings, restoring the fortifications of his strong places and building a palace and reservoirs for water The first few lines are dedicated to Mesha’s father, Kemosh. His influences to Mesha and how he helped him develop into the great warrior and conqueror that he was. It can be deduced from the text that Moab like most of early states was governed by king whose throne was passed to blood heirs. He particularly described Israel and its king and how he defeated them in a series of his exploits. For a long time, Israel through his king Omri and his successors oppressed Moab to which Moab through Mesha intercession of Kemosh, revolted successfully. Their successful revolt was followed by Mesha’s strong conviction to bring down Israel and conquer all the states under its control. It can be seen in the lines describing Mesha’s victory over Omri’s son and over the men of Gad at Ataroth, and at Nebo and Jehaz that Mesha was dedicated in conquering the states that fell under the control of Israel and adding those teritorries to Moab. As can be seen in the beginning of the text, lines in the inscription indicate that Mesha attributed his feats and victories to Kemosh.   In line three, it was said that Mesha made a high place for Kemosh, since Kemosh gave Mesha victory over his enemies. It can be seen in line nine that Mesha also believed that Kemosh gave Moab back her territory.   In several lines it can be seen that his actions were indeed greatly influenced by Kemosh as when Mesha slew the people of Ataroth to satisfy Kemosh and when Mesha dragged the altar-hearth of Ataroth before Kemosh. And when he answered to Kemosh’s direction to attack the town of Nebo and after his victory he devoted the inhabitants of Nebo to Kemosh. Also, the altar-hearths of Yahweh from Nebo were dragged before Kemosh. In line eighteen and nineteen, Mesha believed that it was Kemosh who drove the king of Israel out of Jahaz. Mesha also believed that it was Kemosh who directed him to fight against Horanaim in which battle Kemosh gave him victory over Horanaim. His strong belief on the great powers of Kemosh which helped him in his feats, it can be seen that they are no different to other early civilizations which are also centered to their deities and gods. Mesha through his success in conquering hundreds of territories which he appended to Moab was able to create a state so vast and rich under his control. Not only did he conquer territories he was passionate dedicated in the development and progress of his state. As can be seen in the inscriptions n the rest of the inscription , Mesha tells of restoring and fortifying cities that rightfully belonged to Moab, he built gates and towers in Qarcho ; of building a palace for himself; of constructing reservoirs for water; of building cisterns ; and of constructing a military road. His dedication in building for the progress of the state which he created is indication of his visionary plans for the state. To take a territory and not develop it would have meant dissatisfaction from the conquered, but Mesha made it a point that all that was appended to Moab were rightfully developed and maintained. As can be deduced from the inscriptions, Moab has been in constant feud with Israel. In the account of the stone, Mesha has unceasingly pursued Israel in vengeance for the oppression they have suffered under Israel. According contemporary accounts(MidEast Web, 2007), Palestine has been in conflict with Israel since the return of the Hebrews from Egypt during the time of Moses, in modern times this was repeated when British issued the Balfour Declaration, viewed by Jews and Arabs as promising a â€Å"National Home† for the Jews in Palestine. Reference: Mideast Web. 2007 Canaan/Palestine/Israel: A Brief Early History in Maps. 3 May 2007

Kellys cognitive theory

Kellys cognitive theory Human personality has been a complex issue for long and has inspired theorists to create ideas to enhance the understanding of the subject. The theorists have made several attempts to understand and explain how the personalities are developed, their variations, how they affect human interactions with the world and their relationships with different psychologically-related disorders.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kelly’s cognitive theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More George Kelly is one of the proponents of the cognitive theory which is the focus of this study. The center of Kelly’s cognitive theory is the manner in which individuals think because their thoughts affect their feelings and actions.The thoughts and feelings of individuals determine their personalities. Kelly identifies the major role in which the human cognition element plays in determining personality. This aspect forms the foundation of the terminology of personal constructs which refers to the different ways in which individuals collect information and with the support of their understanding, use it to predict events (Kelly, 2006). The individual interacts with the world based on the outcome of his prediction and this interaction becomes his personality. Kelly’s incisive evaluation on individuality is informed by the need to equate individuals to scientists. He postulates that the objectives of scientists can be linked to those of other beings. He suggests that in the same way that scientists build hypotheses and conduct experiments to establish their validity, people also develop theories based on their personal constructs and consequently employ various theories to predict events. However, the constructs may at times be influenced by the individuals’ past experiences that may not be relevant to their present societal circumstances hence rendering the constructs invalid. The distorted constructs cannot be used to predict events because they cannot hold new data entry due to their unchangeable nature. Given that constructs are limited in nature and cannot therefore be employed in all situations, individuals may at times be required to revise their constructs to accommodate data that is created by new experiences. The choice that an individual makes in order to change his construct is what Kelly calls â€Å"constructive alternativism†. The premise of his theory is based on the fact that â€Å"a person’s processes are psychologically determined by the ways in which he anticipates events† (Van der Kolk, Fisler, 2005). This proposition is known as the fundamental postulate, meaning that individuals’ actions determine their worldly expectations especially those which are founded on past experiences.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A child wh o has previously experienced abuse from his parent can neither expect nor become appreciative of affection from another guardian. Kelly also categorizes 11 corollaries under the postulate to expound the process of information interpretation which include expectation, experience and action. The construction corollary The individuals’ construction of anticipation is founded on their interpretation of replication meaning that their expectations are based on past happenings. The experience corollary Here, the construction system of an individual differs with his understanding of replication meaning that when events are not as anticipated, their constructs are altered or reconstructed. The dichotomy corollary The constructs are stored experiences which the individuals use to perceive the world and â€Å"guide† their actions. These constructs are usually unique to every individual hence the term, â€Å"personal constructs†. The organization corollary An interrelation exists between the constructs in regard to associational networks and chains of command in that the associations may be strong or weak. The range corollary The effectiveness of constructs is limited to several situations meaning that certain constructs can be extensive, whereas others can be narrow. The modulation corollary The range of certain constructs can be adjusted so as to hold new information but others cannot, meaning that certain ranges can be expanded and others cannot. The expansion of the range is known as dilation and the narrowing of the range is called constriction.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kelly’s cognitive theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The choice corollary The individual has the choice of acquiring new experiences in order to broaden his constructs or reject them and keep them as â€Å"safe† but minimized constructs. The individuality corollary Due to the fact that in dividuals’ experiences vary, their constructs also tend to be different. The commonality corollary Even though individuals are different, to some extent certain of their experiences are alike leading to similar constructs. This fact is necessitated by the concept that shows that their perception of the world may be similar. The fragmentation corollary The variation in situations and positions in which an individual can be destined to be in can bring out divergence in the constructs. The sociality corollary This cognitive scope determines how an individual interacts with another depending on their comprehension of their constructs. Kelly’s theory suggests that individuals do not need motivation since they are not inactive nor are they recipients. This fact is enhanced by the idea that individuals may be living and hence destined to move. The only time individuals stop moving is when they die (Target Fonagy, 2001). Construction transitions Kelly’s constructs of t ransition refer to emotions and occur when an individual alters his construction systems after an experience which can in turn create anxiety, hostility and in certain cases, guilt. However, the construction systems also offer opportunities for reconstruction. When individuals find themselves in circumstances that their constructs have not earlier foreseen or encountered, they experience anxiety because they realize that their constructs are ineffective. Guilt manifests itself when one does not keep to the constructs that he identifies with. In the event that one’s constructs are not in line with the world, one can attempt to modulate the reality to fit into one’s constructs.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This aspect is known as aggression which can turn into hostility when the individual is persistent in trying to change reality so that it can conform to their constructs instead of their altering the constructs. An individual is said to have a psychological disorder when he refuses to reconstruct. Subsequently, he may not able to anticipate and accommodate new information. Kelly’s theory has had massive influence on later psychology and movement as it has been applied in disorders like schizophrenia, depression and addiction. The Kellian therapy functions by making individuals to either â€Å"relax† their constructs. The constructs are tested to determine their functionality and are used to verify their applicability and movement. The mentioned steps can be accomplished by employing â€Å"role-play†. The psychotherapy is based on reconstruction, which is founded on encouraging the individuals to change their constructs. This aspect is what is referred to as move ment. Kelly states that a theory has to be useful to be declared valid. The fact that his theory has been applicable in psychotherapy and psychology worldwide leads one to determine that his theory is indeed valid. Kelly’s theory is supported by several peer reviewed articles. One of the articles is titled, Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect written by Troy Higgins. It states that the vulnerabilities of emotions are interrelated with different inconsistencies involving â€Å"self-state† representations. It suggests that these inconsistencies are symbolic of the various harmful psychological circumstances related to various anxieties. The variations connecting the real self-concept and the model self-concept indicate that positive results may be inexistent. These inconsistencies and negative results can be related to emotions like hostility, threats and anxiety. The peer reviewed article thus supports Kelly’s constructs of transition. In another article titled, Personal construct psychology and the cognitive revolution, the writers Brien Graines and Mildred Shaw relate learning and motivation to the psychology of personal constructs. They state that the process of learning conforms to the postulate formulated by Kelly in the sense that an individual needs to alter his constructs to accommodate new information. In regard to motivation, Kelly includes this aspect within the choice corollary whereby the individual can choose to acquire new information in order to expand his construct (Schultz Schultz, 2009). The article by Dr. Christopher L. Heffra titled, Personality perspective on the other hand also validates Kelly’s theory by highlighting its usefulness. It does this by stating the relevance of the cognitive theory in treating psychological disorders like depression and other disorders associated with anxiety. The two â€Å"cognitivists† who stand out most in the theories’ application include Aaron Be ck and Albert Ellis. Their application is successful because they concur that by changing the way in which one thinks; actions and feelings can also be changed since the latter aspects are determined by thoughts or constructs and as a result, various negative personality features can be eliminated. The application of the theory in treatment can be evidenced by Becks evaluation systems; Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventory (BDI and BAI) and Ellis’ ABC technique. Heffra cites the important role that studies have played in bringing out the importance of employing cognitive treatment over medication in dealing with depression as its effects last longer. Although the theory received a great deal of support through the insights into individuals’ thought processes and perceptions as provided by studies, it did record some faults. Critics term the theory as â€Å"weak† because of the theoretical nature of constructs and the lack of consensus in the way the theory is de scribed or applied. References Kelly, G. A. (2006). A Brief Introduction to Personal Construct Theory. In: Perspectives in Personal Construct Theory. Ed. Bannister. London, UK: Academic Press. Schultz, D.P., Schultz, S.E. (2009). Theories of personality, 9th ed. Belmont, USA: Wadsworth Publishers. Target, M., Fonagy, S. P. (2001). Playing with reality: The development of psychic reality from a theoretical perspective. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 77(3), 459–479. Van der Kolk, B. A., Fisler, R. (2005). Dissociation and the fragmentary nature of traumatic memories: Overview and explanatory study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 8(1), 505–525.